ANALISIS PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI EKONOMI USAHA TANI TEMBAKAU DI KECAMATAN PAKIS KABUPATEN MAGELANG

This research aims to analyze the effect of production factors area wide of farm, the seeds, Amount of fertilizer, usage of pesticide and manpower usage on the tobacco productivity, tobacco farm scale level and economic efficiency levels in tobacco farm in Pakis Subdistrict, Magelang Regency. The data of research was taken using survey and interview method with the respondent farmers. The sample used consisted of 100 respondents, taken using area proportional random sampling method. The data was analyzed using a multiple linear regression analysis in Cobb-Douglas function, with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, tobacco farm scale testing and economic efficiency examination. The result of production function analysis showed that the production factors of area wide of farm, the seeds, Amount of fertilizer, usage of pesticide and manpower usage statistically affected significantly to tobacco productivity. The tobacco farm in Pakis Subdistrict was at decreasing return to scale tendency. Viewed from combined use of production factors, could be seen that the seeds, Amount of fertilizer and usage of pesticide were not efficient economically yet. For that reason, the recommendation given was that the seeds, Amount of fertilizer and usage of pesticide used in order to improve the productivity and combined use of production factors shoul be done more rationally in order to achieve economic efficiency. Keyword: Tobacco Production, Production Factors, Cobb-Douglas, Return to Scale, Efficiency

Tobacco use and women’s health: an opportunity in international health promotion and a case study of tobacco policy in Canada

Increasing numbers of girls and women are using tobacco worldwide. As a marginalized population, women are targeted for the sale of tobacco products and social structures are organized in a manner that increases their tobacco usage. Furthermore, as a result of their anatomy and physiology, women experience greater health problems than their male counterparts when consuming the same amount of tobacco. Tobacco usage among women must be addressed globally through the lens of health promotion. Health can be increased for women, and in turn, the entire population by taking policy measures to address the issue of tobacco usage. This paper will use Canada as an example for examining the economic and political aspects of the tobacco industry and policy changes that must be made in order to promote health.https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/essay-contest-previous/1003/thumbnail.jp

An obstetric outcome in pregnant women with consumption of tobacco

Background: Tobacco is known to be an established cause of adverse pregnancy outcome. Scientific studies, encompassing various ethnic groups, cultures and countries, have shown that cigarette smoking during pregnancy significantly affects mother, unborn fetus and the newborn baby.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was performed on 933 patients, separated in two groups: tobacco users and tobacco non-users and findings from each group were compared.Results: Incidence of complications like anemia, PIH and abruption increase with maternal usage of tobacco during pregnancy, chances of preterm delivery and ectopic pregnancy was raised, rate of wound complication was more in tobacco user women. There was no significant difference in mode of delivery.Conclusions: In the present study may establish association of tobacco consumption with adverse neonatal and obstetrics outcome and may encourage administration to focus on IEC (information, education, communication) to reduce tobacco consumption during pregnancy. Incidence of complications like anemia, PIH, abruption increase with maternal usage of tobacco during pregnancy. Chances of preterm delivery and ectopic pregnancy, was raised usage with of tobacco.

TOBACCO USE, CESSATION, AND LOCUS OF CONTROL AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to (a) determine the locus of control among American college students (b) determine if tobacco use or cessation correlate with any demographic variables to better understand the efficacy of tobacco interventions and help design an intervention most effective in the prominent LOC of college students. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) was modified for the purposes of this study and used to determine demographic factors and tobacco usage status. The modified GATS survey also included the LOC questionnaire which yielded the data. Seventy-four responses were recorded. The mean locus of control scores were 31 (internal), 19 (external), and 9 (powerful others). Significant correlations were observed between tobacco usage on campus and cessation attempts ( r(74) = .24, p \u3c .05), tobacco usage status and tobacco use on campus ( r(74) = .33, p \u3c .01), and gender and tobacco usage status ( r(74) = .38, p \u3c .01). The survey reported a stronger internal locus among college students. Therefore it is recommended practitioners design and implement interventions effective in ILOC patients. Furthermore, more research must be done into exactly what measures benefit the ILOC patient and how. Surveys that explore the methods of cessation and intervention experienced by students in greater depth also are necessary moving forward

Patterns of youth tobacco and polytobacco usage: The shift to alternative tobacco products

Background: Despite significant declines in youth cigarette smoking, overall tobacco usage remains over 20% as non-cigarette tobacco product usage is increasingly common and polytobacco use (using 1+ tobacco product) remains steady. Objectives: The present study was designed to identify patterns of youth tobacco use and examine associations with sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco dependence. Methods: The current analysis uses Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to examine the 6,958 tobacco users (n = 2,738 female) in the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2012 and 2013). We used as indicators past month use of tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, e-cigarettes, hookah, snus, pipes, bidis, and kreteks) and regressed resulting classes on sociodemographic characteristics and tobacco dependence. Results: Nine classes emerged: cigarette smokers (33.4% of sample, also included small probabilities for use of cigars and e-cigarettes), cigar smokers (16.8%, nearly exclusive), smokeless tobacco users (12.3%, also included small probabilities for cigarettes, cigars, snus), hookah smokers (11.8%), tobacco smokers/chewers (10.7%, variety of primarily traditional tobacco products), tobacco/hookah smokers (7.2%), tobacco/snus/e-cig users (3.3%), e-cigarette users (2.9%,), and polytobacco users (1.7%, high probabilities for all products). Compared to cigarette smokers, tobacco/hookah smokers and hookah smokers were more likely to report Hispanic ethnicity. Polytobacco users were more likely to report dependence (AOR:2.77, 95% CI:[1.49–5.18]), whereas e-cigarette users were less likely (AOR:0.49, 95% CI:[0.24–0.97]).Conclusion: Findings are consistent with other research demonstrating shifts in adolescent tobacco product usage towards non-cigarette tobacco products. Continuous monitoring of these patterns is needed to help predict if this shift will ultimately result in improved public health

Toward an mHealth Intervention for Smoking Cessation

The prevalence of tobacco dependence in the United States (US) remains alarming. Invariably, smoke-related health problems are the leading preventable causes of death in the US. Research has shown that a culturally tailored cessation counseling program can help reduce smoking and other tobacco usage. In this paper, we present a mobile health (mHealth) solution that leverages the Short Message Service (SMS) or text messaging feature of mobile devices to motivate behavior change among tobacco users. Our approach implements the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and a phase-based framework. We make contributions to improving previous mHealth intervention approaches by delivering personalized and evidence-based motivational SMS messages to participants. Our proposed solution implements machine learning algorithms that take the participant\u27s demographic profile and previous smoking behavior into account. We discuss our preliminary evaluation of the system against a couple of pseudo-scenarios and our observation of the system\u27s performance

Tobacco Usage among Dental Interns in Panchkula, Haryana, India

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is one of the major preventable reasons for death. Despite this, its prevalence is increasing among dental students. For the purpose of advocacy of planning tobacco control and interventions, data on prevalence of tobacco usage is needed. AIM: To assess prevalence of tobacco usage among dental interns of district Panchkula, Haryana, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July-September 2019 among dental interns of Panchkula using a self-administered questionnaire. Data based on demographic factors, smoking habits, and associated risk factors was collected. Descriptive analysis for demographic variables and smoking habits were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 software. RESULT: The prevalence of current tobacco use was 29.54% (22.2% males and 6.8% females). Male interns were significantly more likely than female interns to be current cigarette smokers. On probing the cause of smoking, a majority of participants cited friends and stress as the main cause for smoking. The proportion of regular smokers whose parents smoke was more significant compared to occasional smokers. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tobacco usage among dental interns is more in males as compared to females so dental interns need to be trained regarding anti-tobacco counselling

Study on tobacco consumption patterns and its determinants in an urban slum in New Mumbai

Background: India has a high burden of tobacco usage and its related morbidity and mortality. Almost 30 of the Indian population above 15 years of age use some form of tobacco. Men usually use smoked tobacco, while women are more likely to use smokeless (chewed) tobacco. Tobacco usage has been identified as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among slum dwellers in urban cities. This study explored the tobacco consumption patterns and its determinants in an urban slum community of New Mumbai. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Study methods included review of secondary literature and policy documents on tobacco control. Primary data was collected from the Turbhe slum community in New Mumbai using semi-structured interview schedules. Cluster sampling followed by simple random sampling technique was used to achieve the sample size of 300 households. Results: The prevalence of tobacco consumption in Turbhe slums was very high. 25 of tobacco consumers initiated tobacco use before 18 years of age. Peer pressure emerged as a major factor for initiation of tobacco consumption. Smokeless tobacco was the predominant form of tobacco consumed. Though television is the most viewed medium, newspapers and magazines were the most impactful media for quitting tobacco. Conclusions: Tobacco consumption is a major public health challenge in urban slums of New Mumbai. Absence of effective legislation on curbing availability of tobacco products and poor community awareness on the harmful effects of tobacco creates a vicious cycle contributing to the rising burden NCDs in India

Various forms of tobacco usage and its associated oral mucosal lesions

Background: To study the various forms of tobacco usage and its associated oral mucosal lesions among the patients attending Vishnu Dental College Bhimavaram. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 450 patients who were divided into three groups based upon type of tobacco use, as Group-1 Reverse smoking, Group-2 Conventional smoking, Group-3 Smokeless tobacco group and each group consists of 150 subjects. Results: Reverse smoking was observed to be more prevalent among old females with smoker’s palate and carcinomatous lesions being the most common. Conventional smoking was observed more in male patients with maximum occurrence of leukoplakia and tobacco associated melanosis. Smokeless tobacco habit was predominantly seen in younger males. Habit specific lesions like tobacco pouch keratosis, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Quid induced lichenoid reaction were noticed in smokeless tobacco habit group except for erythroplakia which was noticed only in conventional smoking group and it was not significant statistically . Conclusions: In the present study it was found that the usage of reverse smoking habit was most commonly seen in females and this habit is practiced in and surrounding areas of Bhimavaram with more occurrence of carcinoma compared to conventional smoking and smokeless tobacco